返回到:Canvas API:CanvasRenderingContext2D
本节课,我们学习CanvasRenderingContext2D.globalAlpha属性。
CanvasRenderingContext2D.globalAlpha 是 Canvas 2D API 用来描述在 canvas 上绘图之前,设置图形和图片透明度的属性。数值的范围从 0.0(完全透明)到 1.0(完全不透明)。
语法
ctx.globalAlpha = value;
选项
value
数字在 0.0(完全透明)和 1.0(完全不透明)之间。默认值是 1.0。如果数值不在范围内,包括Infinity 和NaN ,无法赋值,并且 globalAlpha 会保持原有的数值。
示例
使用 globalAlpha 属性
这是一段使用 globalAlpha 属性的简单代码片段,绘制了 2 个半透明的矩形。
HTML
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>JavaScript
var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
ctx.globalAlpha = 0.5;
ctx.fillStyle = "blue";
ctx.fillRect(10, 10, 100, 100);
ctx.fillStyle = "red";
ctx.fillRect(50, 50, 100, 100);
修改下面的代码并在线查看 canvas 的变化:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow">
<style>
body {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
svg:not(:root) {
display: block;
}
.playable-code {
background-color: #f4f7f8;
border: none;
border-left: 6px solid #558abb;
border-width: medium medium medium 6px;
color: #4d4e53;
height: 100px;
width: 90%;
padding: 10px 10px 0;
}
.playable-canvas {
border: 1px solid #4d4e53;
border-radius: 2px;
}
.playable-buttons {
text-align: right;
width: 90%;
padding: 5px 10px 5px 26px;
}
</style>
<title>CanvasRenderingContext2D.globalAlpha | Web176教程www.web176.com</title>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas" width="400" height="200" class="playable-canvas"></canvas>
<div class="playable-buttons">
<input id="edit" type="button" value="Edit" />
<input id="reset" type="button" value="Reset" />
</div>
<textarea id="code" class="playable-code" style="height:120px;">
ctx.globalAlpha = 0.5;
ctx.fillStyle = "blue";
ctx.fillRect(10, 10, 100, 100);
ctx.fillStyle = "red";
ctx.fillRect(50, 50, 100, 100);</textarea>
<script>
var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
ctx.globalAlpha = 0.5;
ctx.fillStyle = "blue";
ctx.fillRect(10, 10, 100, 100);
ctx.fillStyle = "red";
ctx.fillRect(50, 50, 100, 100);
var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
var textarea = document.getElementById("code");
var reset = document.getElementById("reset");
var edit = document.getElementById("edit");
var code = textarea.value;
function drawCanvas() {
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
eval(textarea.value);
}
reset.addEventListener("click", function() {
textarea.value = code;
drawCanvas();
});
edit.addEventListener("click", function() {
textarea.focus();
})
textarea.addEventListener("input", drawCanvas);
window.addEventListener("load", drawCanvas);
</script>
</body>
</html>globalAlpha 例子
此例中,绘制了 4 个不同背景色的正方形。在他们上面,绘制半透明的圆形。将那个点绘制的所有图形的 globalAlpha 属性值都设置为 0.2。通过 for 循环绘制半径逐渐增大的圆形。最终形成的结果是放射性渐变。通过不停地叠加圆形,使得先前绘制的圆形的透明度越来越暗。通过增加循环数量绘制更多的圆形,图片中心的背景将会变成完全不透明。
var ctx = document.getElementById('canvas').getContext('2d');
// draw background
ctx.fillStyle = '#FD0';
ctx.fillRect(0,0,75,75);
ctx.fillStyle = '#6C0';
ctx.fillRect(75,0,75,75);
ctx.fillStyle = '#09F';
ctx.fillRect(0,75,75,75);
ctx.fillStyle = '#F30';
ctx.fillRect(75,75,75,75);
ctx.fillStyle = '#FFF';
// set transparency value
ctx.globalAlpha = 0.2;
// Draw semi transparent circles
for (i=0;i<7;i++){
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(75,75,10+10*i,0,Math.PI*2,true);
ctx.fill();
}
看下DEMO:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow">
<style>
body {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
svg:not(:root) {
display: block;
}
.playable-code {
background-color: #f4f7f8;
border: none;
border-left: 6px solid #558abb;
border-width: medium medium medium 6px;
color: #4d4e53;
height: 100px;
width: 90%;
padding: 10px 10px 0;
}
.playable-canvas {
border: 1px solid #4d4e53;
border-radius: 2px;
}
.playable-buttons {
text-align: right;
width: 90%;
padding: 5px 10px 5px 26px;
}
</style>
<title>CanvasRenderingContext2D.globalAlpha | Web176教程www.web176.com</title>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="canvas" width="150" height="150"></canvas>
<script>
var ctx = document.getElementById('canvas').getContext('2d');
// draw background
ctx.fillStyle = '#FD0';
ctx.fillRect(0,0,75,75);
ctx.fillStyle = '#6C0';
ctx.fillRect(75,0,75,75);
ctx.fillStyle = '#09F';
ctx.fillRect(0,75,75,75);
ctx.fillStyle = '#F30';
ctx.fillRect(75,75,75,75);
ctx.fillStyle = '#FFF';
// set transparency value
ctx.globalAlpha = 0.2;
// Draw semi transparent circles
for (i=0;i<7;i++){
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(75,75,10+10*i,0,Math.PI*2,true);
ctx.fill();
}
</script>
</body>
</html>返回到:Canvas API:CanvasRenderingContext2D
作者:terry,如若转载,请注明出处:https://www.web176.com/canvas_api/8099.html
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