Zend框架-工作示例

在本章中,我们将学习如何在Zend Framework中创建一个完整的基于MVC的员工应用程序。请遵循以下步骤。

步骤1:Module.php

首先,我们应该在– myapp / module / Employee / src /目录中创建一个Employee模块,然后实现ConfigProviderInterface接口。

Module类的完整代码如下-

<?php  
namespace Employee;  
use Zend\ModuleManager\Feature\ConfigProviderInterface;  
class Module implements ConfigProviderInterface { 
   public function getConfig() {    
      return include __DIR__ . '/../config/module.config.php'; 
   }    
}

步骤2:composer.json

使用以下代码在composer.json中的autoload部分下配置Tutorial模块。

"autoload": { 
   "psr-4": { 
      "Application\\": "module/Application/src/", 
      "Tutorial\\": "module/Tutorial/src/", 
      "Employee\\": "module/Employee/src/" 
   } 
}

现在,使用composer update命令更新应用程序。

composer update

Composer命令将对应用程序进行必要的更改,并显示日志,如下面的命令提示符所示。

Loading composer repositories with package information 
Updating dependencies (including require-dev) 
   - Removing zendframework/zend-component-installer (0.3.0) 
   - Installing zendframework/zend-component-installer (0.3.1) 
   Downloading: 100%           
    
   - Removing zendframework/zend-stdlib (3.0.1) 
   - Installing zendframework/zend-stdlib (3.1.0) 
   Loading from cache  
    
   - Removing zendframework/zend-eventmanager (3.0.1) 
   - Installing zendframework/zend-eventmanager (3.1.0) 
   Downloading: 100%           
    
   - Removing zendframework/zend-view (2.8.0) 
   - Installing zendframework/zend-view (2.8.1) 
   Loading from cache  
    
   - Removing zendframework/zend-servicemanager (3.1.0) 
   - Installing zendframework/zend-servicemanager (3.2.0) 
   Downloading: 100%           
    
   - Removing zendframework/zend-escaper (2.5.1) 
   - Installing zendframework/zend-escaper (2.5.2) 
   Loading from cache  
   
   - Removing zendframework/zend-http (2.5.4) 
   - Installing zendframework/zend-http (2.5.5) 
   Loading from cache  
    
   - Removing zendframework/zend-mvc (3.0.1)
   - Installing zendframework/zend-mvc (3.0.4)  
   Downloading: 100%           
   
   - Removing phpunit/phpunit (5.7.4) 
   - Installing phpunit/phpunit (5.7.5) 
   Downloading: 100%           
  
Writing lock file 
Generating autoload files     

步骤3:Employee模块的module.config.php

使用以下代码在myapp / module / Employee / config下创建模块配置文件“ module.config.php”。

<?php  
namespace Employee;  
use Zend\ServiceManager\Factory\InvokableFactory; 
use Zend\Router\Http\Segment;  
return [ 
   'controllers' => [ 
      'factories' => [ 
         Controller\EmployeeController::class => InvokableFactory::class, 
      ], 
   ], 
   'view_manager' => [ 
      'template_path_stack' => ['employee' => __DIR__ . '/../view',], 
   ], 
];

现在,在应用程序级别配置文件– myapp / config / modules.config.php中配置Employee模块。

return ['Zend\Router', 'Zend\Validator', 'Application', 'Tutorial', 'Employee'];

步骤4:EmployeeController

通过扩展AbstractActionController来创建一个新的PHP类EmployeeController并将其放在myapp / module / Employee / src / Controller目录中。

完整的代码清单如下-

<?php  
namespace Employee\Controller;  
use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController; 
use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel;  
class EmployeeController extends AbstractActionController { 
   public function indexAction() { 
      return new ViewModel(); 
   } 
}

步骤5:路由器配置

让我们在Employee模块中添加一个细分路线。更新可在myapp / module / Employee / config中获得的员工模块配置文件module.config.php。

<?php  
namespace Employee;
use Zend\ServiceManager\Factory\InvokableFactory; 
use Zend\Router\Http\Segment;  
return [ 
   'controllers' => [ 
      'factories' => [ 
         Controller\EmployeeController::class => InvokableFactory::class, 
      ], 
   ], 
   'router' => [ 
      'routes' => [ 
         'employee' => [ 
            'type' => Segment::class,
            'options' => [ 
               'route' => '/employee[/:action[/:id]]',
               'constraints' => [
                  'action' => '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*',
                  'id' => '[0-9]+', 
               ], 
               'defaults' => [ 
                  'controller' => Controller\EmployeeController::class,
                  'action' => 'index', 
               ], 
            ], 
         ], 
      ], 
   ], 
   'view_manager' => [ 
      'template_path_stack' => [ 
         'employee' => __DIR__ . '/../view', 
      ], 
   ], 
]; 

我们已成功为Employee模块添加了路由。下一步是为Employee应用程序创建一个视图脚本。

步骤6:建立ViewModel

在myapp / module / Employee / view / employee / employee目录下创建一个名为“ index.phtml”的文件。

在文件中添加以下更改-

<div class = "row content"> 
   <h3>This is my first Zend application</h3> 
</div> 
Move to “EmployeeController.php” file and edit the following changes, 

<?php 
namespace Employee\Controller;  
use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController; 
use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel;  
class EmployeeController extends AbstractActionController { 
   public function indexAction() { 
      return new ViewModel();  
   } 
}

最后,我们已经成功完成了Employee模块。我们可以使用以下网址访问它-http:// localhost:8080 / employee

结果

Zend框架-工作示例

在下一步中,我们将在员工应用程序中执行添加,编辑删除数据操作。要执行这些操作,我们首先应该创建一个数据库模型。在下一步中进行描述。

步骤7:建立模型

让我们在模块src目录中创建一个模型Employee 。通常,模型分组在“模型”文件夹下(myapp / module / Employee / src / Model / Employee.php)

<?php  
namespace Employee\Model;  
class Employee { 
   public $id; 
   public $emp_name; 
   public $emp_job; 
}

步骤8:MySQL表

使用以下命令在本地MYSQL服务器中创建一个名为tutorials的数据库-

create database tutorials;

让我们使用以下SQL命令在数据库中创建一个名为employee的表:

use tutorials;  
CREATE TABLE employee ( 
   id int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, 
   emp_name varchar(100) NOT NULL, 
   emp_job varchar(100) NOT NULL, 
   PRIMARY KEY (id) 
);

使用以下查询将数据插入到employee表中-

INSERT INTO employee (emp_name, emp_job) VALUES ('Adam',  'Tutor'); 
INSERT INTO employee (emp_name, emp_job) VALUES ('Bruce',  'Programmer'); 
INSERT INTO employee (emp_name, emp_job) VALUES ('David',  'Designer'); 

步骤9:更新数据库配置

使用必要的数据库驱动器信息更新全局配置文件myapp / config / autoload / global.php。

return [
   'db' => [
      'driver' => 'Pdo',
      'dsn' => 'mysql:dbname = tutorials;host=localhost',
      'driver_options' => [PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET NAMES \'UTF8\''],
   ],
];

现在,更新本地配置文件– myapp / config / autoload / local.php中的数据库凭据。这样,我们可以分离本地和实时数据库连接凭据。

<?php 
return array( 
   'db' => array('username' => '<user_name>', 'password' => '<password>',), 
); 

步骤10:实现exchangeArray

在Employee模型中实现exchangeArray函数。

<?php 
namespace Employee\Model; 
class Employee { 
   public $id; 
   public $emp_name; 
   public $emp_job;  
   public function exchangeArray($data) { 
      $this->id = (!empty($data['id'])) ? $data['id'] : null; 
      $this->emp_name = (!empty($data['emp_name'])) ? $data['emp_name'] : null; 
      $this->emp_job = (!empty($data['emp_job'])) ? $data['emp_job'] : null; 
   } 
}

步骤11:使用TableGateway来获取员工数据

在Model文件夹本身中创建类EmployeeTable。在以下代码块中定义。

<?php  
namespace Employee\Model;  
use Zend\Db\TableGateway\TableGatewayInterface;  
class EmployeeTable { 
   protected $tableGateway; 
   public function __construct(TableGatewayInterface $tableGateway) { 
      $this->tableGateway = $tableGateway; 
   }
   public function fetchAll() { 
      $resultSet = $this->tableGateway->select();  
      return $resultSet; 
   } 
}    

步骤12:配置EmployeeTable类

使用getServiceConfig()方法更新Module.php中的员工服务

<?php
namespace Employee;
use Zend\Db\Adapter\AdapterInterface;
use Zend\Db\ResultSet\ResultSet;
use Zend\Db\TableGateway\TableGateway;
use Zend\ModuleManager\Feature\ConfigProviderInterface;

class Module implements ConfigProviderInterface {
   public function getConfig() {
      return include __DIR__ . '/../config/module.config.php';
   }
   public function getServiceConfig() {
      return [
         'factories' => [
            Model\EmployeeTable::class => function (    $container) {
               $tableGateway = $container>get( Model\EmployeeTableGateway::class);
               $table = new Model\EmployeeTable($tableGateway);
               return $table;
            },
            Model\EmployeeTableGateway::class => function ($container) {
               $dbAdapter = $container->get(AdapterInterface::class);
               $resultSetPrototype = new ResultSet();
               $resultSetPrototype->setArrayObjectPrototype(new Model\Employee());
               return new TableGateway('employee', $dbAdapter, null, $resultSetPrototype);
            },
         ],
      ];
   }
}

步骤13:在Controller中添加员工服务

如下所示,在− myapp / module / config / module.config.php中更新Employee Module Configuration的Controller部分。

'controllers' => [
   'factories' => [
      Controller\EmployeeController::class => function($container) {
         return new Controller\EmployeeController(
            $container->get(Model\EmployeeTable::class)
         ); 
      }, 
   ], 
]

步骤14:为EmployeeController添加构造函数

添加以EmployeeTable作为参数的构造函数,并编辑以下更改。

<?php  
namespace Employee\Controller; 
use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController; 
use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel;
use Employee\Model\Employee; 
use Employee\Model\EmployeeTable;  

class EmployeeController extends AbstractActionController { 
   private $table;  
   public function __construct(EmployeeTable $table) { 
      $this->table = $table; 
   }  
   public function indexAction() { 
      $view = new ViewModel([ 
         'data' => $this->table->fetchAll(), 
      ]);  
      return $view; 
   } 
} 

步骤15:在视图脚本“ index.phtml”中显示员工信息

移动到文件-index.phtml并进行以下更改-

<?php 
$title = 'Employee application'; 
$this->headTitle($title); 
?>  

<table class="table"> 
   <tr> 
      <th>Employee Name</th> 
      <th>Employee Job</th> 
      <th>Edit/Delete operations</th>
   </tr> 
   <?php foreach ($data as $empdata) : ?> 
   <tr>  
      <td><?php echo $this->escapeHtml($empdata->emp_name);?></td> 
      <td><?php echo $this->escapeHtml($empdata->emp_job);?></td> 
      <td> 
         <a href="<?php echo $this->url('employee', 
            array('action'=>'edit', 'id' =>$empdata->id));?>">Edit</a> 
         <a href="<?php echo $this->url('employee', 
            array('action'=>'delete', 'id' => $empdata->id));?>">Delete</a> 
      </td> 
   </tr> 
   <?php endforeach; ?> 
</table> 

现在,我们已经成功创建了数据库模型,并且可以在应用程序中获取记录。

使用url- http:// localhost:8080 / employee请求应用程序。

结果

Zend框架-工作示例

下一步说明有关员工模块中的插入,编辑删除数据操作。

步骤16:创建员工表格

在myapp / module / Employee / src / Form目录中创建一个名为EmployeeForm.php的文件。在下面的代码块中对其进行了描述。

<?php  
namespace Employee\Form; 
use Zend\Form\Form;  

class EmployeeForm extends Form { 
   public function __construct($name = null) { 
      /
      / we want to ignore the name passed 
      parent::__construct('employee');  
      $this->add(array( 
         'name' => 'id', 
         'type' => 'Hidden', 
      )); 
      $this->add(array( 
         'name' => 'emp_name', 
         'type' => 'Text', 
         'options' => array( 
            'label' => 'Name', 
         ), 
      )); 
      $this->add(array( 
         'name' => 'emp_job', 
         'type' => 'Text', 
         'options' => array( 
            'label' => 'Job', 
         ), 
      )); 
      $this->add(array( 
         'name' => 'submit', 
         'type' => 'Submit', 
         'attributes' => array(
            'value' => 'Go', 
            'id' => 'submitbutton', 
         ), 
      )); 
   } 
}                    

步骤17:更新员工模型

更新员工模型并实现InputFilterAwareInterface。移至目录myapp / module / Employee / src / Employee / Model并在Employee.phpfile中添加以下更改。

<?php  
namespace Employee\Model;  

// Add these import statements 
use Zend\InputFilter\InputFilter; 
use Zend\InputFilter\InputFilterAwareInterface; 
use Zend\InputFilter\InputFilterInterface;  

class Employee implements InputFilterAwareInterface { 
   public $id; 
   public $emp_name; 
   public $emp_job; 
   protected $inputFilter;                         
   public function exchangeArray($data) { 
      $this->id = (isset($data['id'])) ? $data['id'] : null;         
      $this->emp_name = (isset($data['emp_name'])) ? $data['emp_name'] : null;         
      $this->emp_job = (isset($data['emp_job']))  ? $data['emp_job'] : null; 
   }  
    
   // Add content to these methods:
   public function setInputFilter(InputFilterInterface $inputFilter) { 
      throw new \Exception("Not used"); 
   }  
   public function getInputFilter() { 
      if (!$this->inputFilter) { 
         $inputFilter = new InputFilter();  
         $inputFilter->add(array( 
            'name' => 'id', 
            'required' => true, 
            'filters' => array( 
               array('name' => 'Int'), 
            ), 
         ));  
         $inputFilter->add(array( 
            'name' => 'emp_name', 
            'required' => true, 
            'filters' => array( 
               array('name' => 'StripTags'), 
               array('name' => 'StringTrim'), 
            ), 
            'validators' => array( 
               array('name' => 'StringLength', 
                        'options' => array( 
                           'encoding' => 'UTF-8', 
                           'min' => 1, 
                           'max' => 50, 
                        ), 
                    ), 
                ), 
            ));
         $inputFilter->add(array( 
            'name' => 'emp_job', 
            'required' => true, 
            'filters' => array( 
               array('name' => 'StripTags'),  
               array('name' => 'StringTrim'), 
            ), 
            'validators' => array( 
               array('name' => 'StringLength', 
                  'options' => array( 
                     'encoding' => 'UTF-8', 
                     'min' => 1, 
                     'max' => 50, 
                  ), 
                  ), 
               ), 
         ));  
         $this->inputFilter = $inputFilter; 
      } 
      return $this->inputFilter; 
   } 
}             

步骤18:在Employee Controller中添加addAction

EmployeeController类中添加以下更改。

<?PHP  
使用Zend \ Mvc \ Controller \ AbstractActionController ; 使用Zend \ View \ Model \ ViewModel ; 使用Employee \ Model \ Employee ; 使用Employee \ Model \ EmployeeTable ; 使用Employee \ Form \ EmployeeForm ;  
  
        
     
 

公共功能addAction (){  
   $ form = new EmployeeForm ();   
   $ form- > get ('submit' )-> setValue ('Add' );   
   $ request = $ this- > getRequest ();     
   
   if ($ request- > isPost ()){  
      $ employee = new Employee ();  
      $ form- > setInputFilter ($ employee- > getInputFilter ());  
      $ form- > setData ($ request- > getPost ());      
      
      if ($ form- > isValid ()){  
         $ employee- > exchangeArray ($ form- > getData ());  
         $这- >表- > saveEmployee ($员工);    
         
         //重定向到员工列表返回$ this- > redirect ()-> toRoute ('employee' ); } } return array ('form' => $ form ); }
          
       
    
     
 

步骤19:在EmployeeTable类中添加保存功能

在EmployeeTable类中添加以下两个函数– myapp / module / Employee / src / Model / EmployeeTable.php

public function getEmployee($id) { 
   $id  = (int) $id; 
   $rowset = $this->tableGateway->select(array('id' => $id)); 
   $row = $rowset->current();  
   if (!$row) { 
      throw new \Exception("Could not find row $id"); 
   }
   return $row; 
}  
public function saveEmployee(Employee $employee) { 
   $data = array (  
      'emp_name' => $employee->emp_name, 
      'emp_job'  => $employee->emp_job, 
   );  
   $id = (int) $employee->id; 
   if ($id == 0) { 
      $this->tableGateway->insert($data); 
   } else { 
      if ($this->getEmployee($id)) { 
         $this->tableGateway->update($data, array('id' => $id)); 
      } else { 
         throw new \Exception('Employee id does not exist'); 
      } 
   } 
}

步骤20:为AddAction方法Add.phtml创建View脚本

在− myapp / module / view / employee / employee中的“ Add.phtml”文件中添加以下更改。

<?php 
   $title = 'Add new employee'; 
   $this->headTitle($title); 
?> 
<h1><?php echo $this->escapeHtml($title); ?></h1>  

<?php 
   $form->setAttribute('action', $this->url('employee', array('action' => 'add'))); 
   $form->prepare(); 
   echo $this->form()->openTag($form); 
   echo $this->formHidden($form->get('id')); 
   echo $this->formRow($form->get('emp_name'))."<br>"; 
   echo $this->formRow($form->get('emp_job'))."<br>";   
   echo $this->formSubmit($form->get('submit')); 
   echo $this->form()->closeTag(); 
Request the application using the url, http://localhost:8080/employee/add 

结果

Zend框架-工作示例

添加数据后,它将重定向到主页。

Zend框架-工作示例

步骤21:编辑员工记录

让我们在Employee模块中执行编辑数据操作。在Employeecontroller.php中更新以下更改。

public function editAction() { 
   $id = (int) $this->params()->fromRoute('id', 0); 
   if (!$id) { 
      return $this->redirect()->toRoute('employee', array( 
         'action' => 'add' 
      )); 
   }  
   try { 
      $employee = $this->table->getEmployee($id); 
   } catch (\Exception $ex) { 
      return $this->redirect()->toRoute('employee', array( 
         'action' => 'index' 
      )); 
   }  
   $form = new EmployeeForm(); 
   $form->bind($employee); 
   $form->get('submit')->setAttribute('value', 'Edit');  
   $request = $this->getRequest(); 
   
   if ($request->isPost()) { 
      $form->setInputFilter($employee->getInputFilter()); 
      $form->setData($request->getPost());  
      if ($form->isValid()) { 
         $this->table->saveEmployee($employee);  
         
         // Redirect to list of employees 
         return $this->redirect()->toRoute('employee'); 
      } 
   }  
   return array('id' => $id, 'form' => $form,); 
}

在这里,我们查找匹配路线中的id,然后加载员工详细信息以进行编辑操作。

步骤22:Employee.php

现在在“ Employee.php”文件中添加以下更改,该文件位于− myapp / module / Employee / src / Employee / Model /目录中。

public function getArrayCopy() { 
   return get_object_vars($this); 
}

在这里,Zend \ Stdlib \ Hydrator \ ArraySerializable期望在模型中找到两个方法:getArrayCopy()exchangeArray()

其中,exchangeArray()用于迭代。此功能用于绑定employee表中的数据。

现在,我们需要为editAction()创建一个视图脚本。

步骤23:建立Edit.phtml

在模块/Employee/view/employee/employee/edit.phtml中创建视图脚本文件

<?php 
   $title = 'Edit employee records'; 
   $this->headTitle($title); 
?>  
<h1><?php echo $this->escapeHtml($title); ?></h1>  

<?php 
$form = $this->form;  
$form->setAttribute('action', $this->url( 
   'employee', 
   array('action' => 'edit', 'id' => $this->id,) 
)); 
$form->prepare();  
echo $this->form()->openTag($form); 
echo $this->formHidden($form->get('id')); 
echo $this->formRow($form->get('emp_name'))."<br>"; 
echo $this->formRow($form->get('emp_job'))."<br>"; 
echo $this->formSubmit($form->get('submit')); 
echo $this->form()->closeTag();

以下屏幕快照显示了编辑员工详细信息。

Zend框架-工作示例

一旦数据被编辑,它将重定向到主页。

Zend框架-工作示例

步骤24:添加deleteEmployee方法

在EmployeeTable类中添加deleteEmployee方法– myapp / module / Employee / src / Model / EmployeeTable.php

public function deleteEmployee($id) { 
   $this->tableGateway->delete(['id' => (int) $id]); 
}

步骤25:删除员工记录

现在让我们在Employee模块中执行删除数据操作。在EmployeeController类中添加以下方法deleteAction

public function deleteAction() { 
   $id = (int) $this->params()->fromRoute('id', 0); 
   if (!$id) { 
      return $this->redirect()->toRoute('employee'); 
   }  
   $request = $this->getRequest(); 
   if ($request->isPost()) { 
      $del = $request->getPost('del', 'No');  
      if ($del == 'Yes') { 
         $id = (int) $request->getPost('id');
         $this->table->deleteEmployee($id); 
      } 
      return $this->redirect()->toRoute('employee'); 
   }  
   return array( 
      'id' => $id, 
      'employee' => $this->table->getEmployee($id) 
   ); 
}            

在这里,deleteEmployee()方法通过其ID删除员工,并重定向到员工列表页面(主页)。

现在让我们为deleteAction()方法创建一个相应的视图脚本。

步骤26:创建一个视图脚本

在− myapp / module / Employee / view / employee / employee / delete.phtml中创建一个名为delete.phtml的文件,并在其中添加以下代码。

<?php 
   $title = 'Delete an employee record'; 
   $this->headTitle($title);  
?> 
<h1><?php echo $this->escapeHtml($title); ?></h1>  

'<?php echo $this->escapeHtml($employee->emp_name); ?>' by 
'<?php echo $this->escapeHtml($employee->emp_job); ?&'?  
<?php 
   $url = $this->url('employee', array('action' => 'delete', 'id' => $this->id,)); 
?>  

<form action ="<?php echo $url; ?>" method = "post">
   <div> 
      <input type = "hidden" name = "id" value = "<?php echo (int) $employee->id; ?>" /> 
      <input type = "submit" name = "del" value = "Yes" /> 
      <input type = "submit" name = "del" value = "No" /> 
   </div> 
</form>  

现在,使用主页中的编辑链接删除任何员工,结果将如以下屏幕快照所示。

结果

Zend框架-工作示例

通过实现所有必需的功能,我们已经成功完成了Employee模块。

结论

在当前竞争的环境中,Zend框架被开发人员放在首位。它以PHP语言为任何程序或任何类型的应用程序提供抽象。它是一个成熟的框架,并支持现代PHP语言功能。它有趣,专业,不断发展并与当前技术保持同步。

作者:terry,如若转载,请注明出处:https://www.web176.com/zendframework/250.html

(0)
打赏 支付宝 支付宝 微信 微信
terryterry
上一篇 2020年10月22日 下午2:10
下一篇 2020年10月23日 上午10:40

相关推荐

发表回复

您的电子邮箱地址不会被公开。 必填项已用*标注