在本章中,我们将学习如何在Zend Framework中创建一个完整的基于MVC的员工应用程序。请遵循以下步骤。
步骤1:Module.php
首先,我们应该在– myapp / module / Employee / src /目录中创建一个Employee模块,然后实现ConfigProviderInterface接口。
Module类的完整代码如下-
<?php
namespace Employee;
use Zend\ModuleManager\Feature\ConfigProviderInterface;
class Module implements ConfigProviderInterface {
public function getConfig() {
return include __DIR__ . '/../config/module.config.php';
}
}步骤2:composer.json
使用以下代码在composer.json中的autoload部分下配置Tutorial模块。
"autoload": {
"psr-4": {
"Application\\": "module/Application/src/",
"Tutorial\\": "module/Tutorial/src/",
"Employee\\": "module/Employee/src/"
}
}现在,使用composer update命令更新应用程序。
composer update
Composer命令将对应用程序进行必要的更改,并显示日志,如下面的命令提示符所示。
Loading composer repositories with package information
Updating dependencies (including require-dev)
- Removing zendframework/zend-component-installer (0.3.0)
- Installing zendframework/zend-component-installer (0.3.1)
Downloading: 100%
- Removing zendframework/zend-stdlib (3.0.1)
- Installing zendframework/zend-stdlib (3.1.0)
Loading from cache
- Removing zendframework/zend-eventmanager (3.0.1)
- Installing zendframework/zend-eventmanager (3.1.0)
Downloading: 100%
- Removing zendframework/zend-view (2.8.0)
- Installing zendframework/zend-view (2.8.1)
Loading from cache
- Removing zendframework/zend-servicemanager (3.1.0)
- Installing zendframework/zend-servicemanager (3.2.0)
Downloading: 100%
- Removing zendframework/zend-escaper (2.5.1)
- Installing zendframework/zend-escaper (2.5.2)
Loading from cache
- Removing zendframework/zend-http (2.5.4)
- Installing zendframework/zend-http (2.5.5)
Loading from cache
- Removing zendframework/zend-mvc (3.0.1)
- Installing zendframework/zend-mvc (3.0.4)
Downloading: 100%
- Removing phpunit/phpunit (5.7.4)
- Installing phpunit/phpunit (5.7.5)
Downloading: 100%
Writing lock file
Generating autoload files
步骤3:Employee模块的module.config.php
使用以下代码在myapp / module / Employee / config下创建模块配置文件“ module.config.php”。
<?php
namespace Employee;
use Zend\ServiceManager\Factory\InvokableFactory;
use Zend\Router\Http\Segment;
return [
'controllers' => [
'factories' => [
Controller\EmployeeController::class => InvokableFactory::class,
],
],
'view_manager' => [
'template_path_stack' => ['employee' => __DIR__ . '/../view',],
],
];现在,在应用程序级别配置文件– myapp / config / modules.config.php中配置Employee模块。
return ['Zend\Router', 'Zend\Validator', 'Application', 'Tutorial', 'Employee'];
步骤4:EmployeeController
通过扩展AbstractActionController来创建一个新的PHP类EmployeeController并将其放在myapp / module / Employee / src / Controller目录中。
完整的代码清单如下-
<?php
namespace Employee\Controller;
use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController;
use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel;
class EmployeeController extends AbstractActionController {
public function indexAction() {
return new ViewModel();
}
}步骤5:路由器配置
让我们在Employee模块中添加一个细分路线。更新可在myapp / module / Employee / config中获得的员工模块配置文件module.config.php。
<?php
namespace Employee;
use Zend\ServiceManager\Factory\InvokableFactory;
use Zend\Router\Http\Segment;
return [
'controllers' => [
'factories' => [
Controller\EmployeeController::class => InvokableFactory::class,
],
],
'router' => [
'routes' => [
'employee' => [
'type' => Segment::class,
'options' => [
'route' => '/employee[/:action[/:id]]',
'constraints' => [
'action' => '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*',
'id' => '[0-9]+',
],
'defaults' => [
'controller' => Controller\EmployeeController::class,
'action' => 'index',
],
],
],
],
],
'view_manager' => [
'template_path_stack' => [
'employee' => __DIR__ . '/../view',
],
],
]; 我们已成功为Employee模块添加了路由。下一步是为Employee应用程序创建一个视图脚本。
步骤6:建立ViewModel
在myapp / module / Employee / view / employee / employee目录下创建一个名为“ index.phtml”的文件。
在文件中添加以下更改-
<div class = "row content">
<h3>This is my first Zend application</h3>
</div>
Move to “EmployeeController.php” file and edit the following changes,
<?php
namespace Employee\Controller;
use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController;
use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel;
class EmployeeController extends AbstractActionController {
public function indexAction() {
return new ViewModel();
}
}最后,我们已经成功完成了Employee模块。我们可以使用以下网址访问它-http:// localhost:8080 / employee。
结果

在下一步中,我们将在员工应用程序中执行添加,编辑和删除数据操作。要执行这些操作,我们首先应该创建一个数据库模型。在下一步中进行描述。
步骤7:建立模型
让我们在模块src目录中创建一个模型Employee 。通常,模型分组在“模型”文件夹下(myapp / module / Employee / src / Model / Employee.php)
<?php
namespace Employee\Model;
class Employee {
public $id;
public $emp_name;
public $emp_job;
}步骤8:MySQL表
使用以下命令在本地MYSQL服务器中创建一个名为tutorials的数据库-
create database tutorials;
让我们使用以下SQL命令在数据库中创建一个名为employee的表:
use tutorials; CREATE TABLE employee ( id int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, emp_name varchar(100) NOT NULL, emp_job varchar(100) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) );
使用以下查询将数据插入到employee表中-
INSERT INTO employee (emp_name, emp_job) VALUES ('Adam', 'Tutor');
INSERT INTO employee (emp_name, emp_job) VALUES ('Bruce', 'Programmer');
INSERT INTO employee (emp_name, emp_job) VALUES ('David', 'Designer');
步骤9:更新数据库配置
使用必要的数据库驱动器信息更新全局配置文件myapp / config / autoload / global.php。
return [
'db' => [
'driver' => 'Pdo',
'dsn' => 'mysql:dbname = tutorials;host=localhost',
'driver_options' => [PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET NAMES \'UTF8\''],
],
];现在,更新本地配置文件– myapp / config / autoload / local.php中的数据库凭据。这样,我们可以分离本地和实时数据库连接凭据。
<?php
return array(
'db' => array('username' => '<user_name>', 'password' => '<password>',),
); 步骤10:实现exchangeArray
在Employee模型中实现exchangeArray函数。
<?php
namespace Employee\Model;
class Employee {
public $id;
public $emp_name;
public $emp_job;
public function exchangeArray($data) {
$this->id = (!empty($data['id'])) ? $data['id'] : null;
$this->emp_name = (!empty($data['emp_name'])) ? $data['emp_name'] : null;
$this->emp_job = (!empty($data['emp_job'])) ? $data['emp_job'] : null;
}
}步骤11:使用TableGateway来获取员工数据
在Model文件夹本身中创建类EmployeeTable。在以下代码块中定义。
<?php
namespace Employee\Model;
use Zend\Db\TableGateway\TableGatewayInterface;
class EmployeeTable {
protected $tableGateway;
public function __construct(TableGatewayInterface $tableGateway) {
$this->tableGateway = $tableGateway;
}
public function fetchAll() {
$resultSet = $this->tableGateway->select();
return $resultSet;
}
} 步骤12:配置EmployeeTable类
使用getServiceConfig()方法更新Module.php中的员工服务
<?php
namespace Employee;
use Zend\Db\Adapter\AdapterInterface;
use Zend\Db\ResultSet\ResultSet;
use Zend\Db\TableGateway\TableGateway;
use Zend\ModuleManager\Feature\ConfigProviderInterface;
class Module implements ConfigProviderInterface {
public function getConfig() {
return include __DIR__ . '/../config/module.config.php';
}
public function getServiceConfig() {
return [
'factories' => [
Model\EmployeeTable::class => function ( $container) {
$tableGateway = $container>get( Model\EmployeeTableGateway::class);
$table = new Model\EmployeeTable($tableGateway);
return $table;
},
Model\EmployeeTableGateway::class => function ($container) {
$dbAdapter = $container->get(AdapterInterface::class);
$resultSetPrototype = new ResultSet();
$resultSetPrototype->setArrayObjectPrototype(new Model\Employee());
return new TableGateway('employee', $dbAdapter, null, $resultSetPrototype);
},
],
];
}
}步骤13:在Controller中添加员工服务
如下所示,在− myapp / module / config / module.config.php中更新Employee Module Configuration的Controller部分。
'controllers' => [
'factories' => [
Controller\EmployeeController::class => function($container) {
return new Controller\EmployeeController(
$container->get(Model\EmployeeTable::class)
);
},
],
]步骤14:为EmployeeController添加构造函数
添加以EmployeeTable作为参数的构造函数,并编辑以下更改。
<?php
namespace Employee\Controller;
use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController;
use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel;
use Employee\Model\Employee;
use Employee\Model\EmployeeTable;
class EmployeeController extends AbstractActionController {
private $table;
public function __construct(EmployeeTable $table) {
$this->table = $table;
}
public function indexAction() {
$view = new ViewModel([
'data' => $this->table->fetchAll(),
]);
return $view;
}
} 步骤15:在视图脚本“ index.phtml”中显示员工信息
移动到文件-index.phtml并进行以下更改-
<?php
$title = 'Employee application';
$this->headTitle($title);
?>
<table class="table">
<tr>
<th>Employee Name</th>
<th>Employee Job</th>
<th>Edit/Delete operations</th>
</tr>
<?php foreach ($data as $empdata) : ?>
<tr>
<td><?php echo $this->escapeHtml($empdata->emp_name);?></td>
<td><?php echo $this->escapeHtml($empdata->emp_job);?></td>
<td>
<a href="<?php echo $this->url('employee',
array('action'=>'edit', 'id' =>$empdata->id));?>">Edit</a>
<a href="<?php echo $this->url('employee',
array('action'=>'delete', 'id' => $empdata->id));?>">Delete</a>
</td>
</tr>
<?php endforeach; ?>
</table> 现在,我们已经成功创建了数据库模型,并且可以在应用程序中获取记录。
使用url- http:// localhost:8080 / employee请求应用程序。
结果

下一步说明有关员工模块中的插入,编辑和删除数据操作。
步骤16:创建员工表格
在myapp / module / Employee / src / Form目录中创建一个名为EmployeeForm.php的文件。在下面的代码块中对其进行了描述。
<?php
namespace Employee\Form;
use Zend\Form\Form;
class EmployeeForm extends Form {
public function __construct($name = null) {
/
/ we want to ignore the name passed
parent::__construct('employee');
$this->add(array(
'name' => 'id',
'type' => 'Hidden',
));
$this->add(array(
'name' => 'emp_name',
'type' => 'Text',
'options' => array(
'label' => 'Name',
),
));
$this->add(array(
'name' => 'emp_job',
'type' => 'Text',
'options' => array(
'label' => 'Job',
),
));
$this->add(array(
'name' => 'submit',
'type' => 'Submit',
'attributes' => array(
'value' => 'Go',
'id' => 'submitbutton',
),
));
}
} 步骤17:更新员工模型
更新员工模型并实现InputFilterAwareInterface。移至目录myapp / module / Employee / src / Employee / Model并在Employee.phpfile中添加以下更改。
<?php
namespace Employee\Model;
// Add these import statements
use Zend\InputFilter\InputFilter;
use Zend\InputFilter\InputFilterAwareInterface;
use Zend\InputFilter\InputFilterInterface;
class Employee implements InputFilterAwareInterface {
public $id;
public $emp_name;
public $emp_job;
protected $inputFilter;
public function exchangeArray($data) {
$this->id = (isset($data['id'])) ? $data['id'] : null;
$this->emp_name = (isset($data['emp_name'])) ? $data['emp_name'] : null;
$this->emp_job = (isset($data['emp_job'])) ? $data['emp_job'] : null;
}
// Add content to these methods:
public function setInputFilter(InputFilterInterface $inputFilter) {
throw new \Exception("Not used");
}
public function getInputFilter() {
if (!$this->inputFilter) {
$inputFilter = new InputFilter();
$inputFilter->add(array(
'name' => 'id',
'required' => true,
'filters' => array(
array('name' => 'Int'),
),
));
$inputFilter->add(array(
'name' => 'emp_name',
'required' => true,
'filters' => array(
array('name' => 'StripTags'),
array('name' => 'StringTrim'),
),
'validators' => array(
array('name' => 'StringLength',
'options' => array(
'encoding' => 'UTF-8',
'min' => 1,
'max' => 50,
),
),
),
));
$inputFilter->add(array(
'name' => 'emp_job',
'required' => true,
'filters' => array(
array('name' => 'StripTags'),
array('name' => 'StringTrim'),
),
'validators' => array(
array('name' => 'StringLength',
'options' => array(
'encoding' => 'UTF-8',
'min' => 1,
'max' => 50,
),
),
),
));
$this->inputFilter = $inputFilter;
}
return $this->inputFilter;
}
} 步骤18:在Employee Controller中添加addAction
在EmployeeController类中添加以下更改。
<?PHP
使用Zend \ Mvc \ Controller \ AbstractActionController ; 使用Zend \ View \ Model \ ViewModel ; 使用Employee \ Model \ Employee ; 使用Employee \ Model \ EmployeeTable ; 使用Employee \ Form \ EmployeeForm ;
公共功能addAction (){
$ form = new EmployeeForm ();
$ form- > get ('submit' )-> setValue ('Add' );
$ request = $ this- > getRequest ();
if ($ request- > isPost ()){
$ employee = new Employee ();
$ form- > setInputFilter ($ employee- > getInputFilter ());
$ form- > setData ($ request- > getPost ());
if ($ form- > isValid ()){
$ employee- > exchangeArray ($ form- > getData ());
$这- >表- > saveEmployee ($员工);
//重定向到员工列表返回$ this- > redirect ()-> toRoute ('employee' ); } } return array ('form' => $ form ); }
步骤19:在EmployeeTable类中添加保存功能
在EmployeeTable类中添加以下两个函数– myapp / module / Employee / src / Model / EmployeeTable.php
public function getEmployee($id) {
$id = (int) $id;
$rowset = $this->tableGateway->select(array('id' => $id));
$row = $rowset->current();
if (!$row) {
throw new \Exception("Could not find row $id");
}
return $row;
}
public function saveEmployee(Employee $employee) {
$data = array (
'emp_name' => $employee->emp_name,
'emp_job' => $employee->emp_job,
);
$id = (int) $employee->id;
if ($id == 0) {
$this->tableGateway->insert($data);
} else {
if ($this->getEmployee($id)) {
$this->tableGateway->update($data, array('id' => $id));
} else {
throw new \Exception('Employee id does not exist');
}
}
}步骤20:为AddAction方法Add.phtml创建View脚本
在− myapp / module / view / employee / employee中的“ Add.phtml”文件中添加以下更改。
<?php
$title = 'Add new employee';
$this->headTitle($title);
?>
<h1><?php echo $this->escapeHtml($title); ?></h1>
<?php
$form->setAttribute('action', $this->url('employee', array('action' => 'add')));
$form->prepare();
echo $this->form()->openTag($form);
echo $this->formHidden($form->get('id'));
echo $this->formRow($form->get('emp_name'))."<br>";
echo $this->formRow($form->get('emp_job'))."<br>";
echo $this->formSubmit($form->get('submit'));
echo $this->form()->closeTag();
Request the application using the url, http://localhost:8080/employee/add 结果

添加数据后,它将重定向到主页。

步骤21:编辑员工记录
让我们在Employee模块中执行编辑数据操作。在Employeecontroller.php中更新以下更改。
public function editAction() {
$id = (int) $this->params()->fromRoute('id', 0);
if (!$id) {
return $this->redirect()->toRoute('employee', array(
'action' => 'add'
));
}
try {
$employee = $this->table->getEmployee($id);
} catch (\Exception $ex) {
return $this->redirect()->toRoute('employee', array(
'action' => 'index'
));
}
$form = new EmployeeForm();
$form->bind($employee);
$form->get('submit')->setAttribute('value', 'Edit');
$request = $this->getRequest();
if ($request->isPost()) {
$form->setInputFilter($employee->getInputFilter());
$form->setData($request->getPost());
if ($form->isValid()) {
$this->table->saveEmployee($employee);
// Redirect to list of employees
return $this->redirect()->toRoute('employee');
}
}
return array('id' => $id, 'form' => $form,);
}在这里,我们查找匹配路线中的id,然后加载员工详细信息以进行编辑操作。
步骤22:Employee.php
现在在“ Employee.php”文件中添加以下更改,该文件位于− myapp / module / Employee / src / Employee / Model /目录中。
public function getArrayCopy() {
return get_object_vars($this);
}在这里,Zend \ Stdlib \ Hydrator \ ArraySerializable期望在模型中找到两个方法:getArrayCopy()和exchangeArray()。
其中,exchangeArray()用于迭代。此功能用于绑定employee表中的数据。
现在,我们需要为editAction()创建一个视图脚本。
步骤23:建立Edit.phtml
在模块/Employee/view/employee/employee/edit.phtml中创建视图脚本文件
<?php
$title = 'Edit employee records';
$this->headTitle($title);
?>
<h1><?php echo $this->escapeHtml($title); ?></h1>
<?php
$form = $this->form;
$form->setAttribute('action', $this->url(
'employee',
array('action' => 'edit', 'id' => $this->id,)
));
$form->prepare();
echo $this->form()->openTag($form);
echo $this->formHidden($form->get('id'));
echo $this->formRow($form->get('emp_name'))."<br>";
echo $this->formRow($form->get('emp_job'))."<br>";
echo $this->formSubmit($form->get('submit'));
echo $this->form()->closeTag();以下屏幕快照显示了编辑员工详细信息。

一旦数据被编辑,它将重定向到主页。

步骤24:添加deleteEmployee方法
在EmployeeTable类中添加deleteEmployee方法– myapp / module / Employee / src / Model / EmployeeTable.php
public function deleteEmployee($id) {
$this->tableGateway->delete(['id' => (int) $id]);
}步骤25:删除员工记录
现在让我们在Employee模块中执行删除数据操作。在EmployeeController类中添加以下方法deleteAction。
public function deleteAction() {
$id = (int) $this->params()->fromRoute('id', 0);
if (!$id) {
return $this->redirect()->toRoute('employee');
}
$request = $this->getRequest();
if ($request->isPost()) {
$del = $request->getPost('del', 'No');
if ($del == 'Yes') {
$id = (int) $request->getPost('id');
$this->table->deleteEmployee($id);
}
return $this->redirect()->toRoute('employee');
}
return array(
'id' => $id,
'employee' => $this->table->getEmployee($id)
);
} 在这里,deleteEmployee()方法通过其ID删除员工,并重定向到员工列表页面(主页)。
现在让我们为deleteAction()方法创建一个相应的视图脚本。
步骤26:创建一个视图脚本
在− myapp / module / Employee / view / employee / employee / delete.phtml中创建一个名为delete.phtml的文件,并在其中添加以下代码。
<?php
$title = 'Delete an employee record';
$this->headTitle($title);
?>
<h1><?php echo $this->escapeHtml($title); ?></h1>
'<?php echo $this->escapeHtml($employee->emp_name); ?>' by
'<?php echo $this->escapeHtml($employee->emp_job); ?&'?
<?php
$url = $this->url('employee', array('action' => 'delete', 'id' => $this->id,));
?>
<form action ="<?php echo $url; ?>" method = "post">
<div>
<input type = "hidden" name = "id" value = "<?php echo (int) $employee->id; ?>" />
<input type = "submit" name = "del" value = "Yes" />
<input type = "submit" name = "del" value = "No" />
</div>
</form> 现在,使用主页中的编辑链接删除任何员工,结果将如以下屏幕快照所示。
结果

通过实现所有必需的功能,我们已经成功完成了Employee模块。
结论
在当前竞争的环境中,Zend框架被开发人员放在首位。它以PHP语言为任何程序或任何类型的应用程序提供抽象。它是一个成熟的框架,并支持现代PHP语言功能。它有趣,专业,不断发展并与当前技术保持同步。
作者:terry,如若转载,请注明出处:https://www.web176.com/zendframework/250.html
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